This, in combination with the adjustment of the sample to pH to 11 allowed the quantification of ammonia from 0 to 200 μM with a limit of detection of 25 μM. ![]() While water vapour and ions from the buffer did result in a decrease in sensor impedance, this was eradicated by displacement of the headspace above the sensor with air. Samples of ammonia in phosphate buffered saline of 52 μL were measured using electrochemical impedance. These were based on the fabrication of polyaniline nanoparticle films onto screen printed interdigitated electrodes using inkjet printing and their integration into a polymer microfabricated device with polytetrafluroethylene membrane and air flow path between the membrane and the sensor. Here, sensor devices for the measurement of ammonia in a liquid were developed. ![]() However, achieving this without instrumentation remains challenging. The measurement of low concentrations of ammonia in small sample volumes is required in biological, biomedical and environmental measurement applications.
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